Cladribine
Cladribine is a purine nucleoside antimetabolite analogue. Cladribine triphosphate, a phosphorylated metabolite of cladribine, incorporates into DNA, resulting in single-strand breaks in DNA, depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and apoptosis. Because this agent is resistant to adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that inactivates some antineoplastic agents, it is selectively toxic to lymphocytes and monocytes which exhibit little deoxynucleotide deaminase activity.
1: El-Osta H, Janku F, Kurzrock R. Successful treatment of Castleman's disease with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra). Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Jun;9(6):1485-8. Epub 2010 May 25. PubMed PMID: 20501803.
2: Sigal DS, Sharpe R, Burian C, Saven A. Very long-term eradication of minimal residual disease in patients with hairy cell leukemia after a single course of cladribine. Blood. 2010 Mar 11;115(10):1893-6. Epub 2010 Jan 7. PubMed PMID: 20056789.
3: Robak T, Jamroziak K, Robak P. Current and emerging treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Drugs. 2009;69(17):2415-49. doi: 10.2165/11319270-000000000-00000. PubMed PMID: 19911856.
4: Grever MR, Zinzani PL. Long-term follow-up studies in hairy cell leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009 Oct;50 Suppl 1:23-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 19814694.
5: Arons E, Suntum T, Stetler-Stevenson M, Kreitman RJ. VH4-34+ hairy cell leukemia, a new variant with poor prognosis despite standard therapy. Blood. 2009 Nov 19;114(21):4687-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. PubMed PMID: 19745070; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2780305.
6: Spurgeon S, Yu M, Phillips JD, Epner EM. Cladribine: not just another purine analogue? Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Aug;18(8):1169-81. Review. PubMed PMID: 19604118.
7: Bosanquet AG, Richards SM, Wade R, Else M, Matutes E, Dyer MJ, Rassam SM, Durant J, Scadding SM, Raper SL, Dearden CE, Catovsky D. Drug cross-resistance and therapy-induced resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by an enhanced method of individualised tumour response testing. Br J Haematol. 2009 Aug;146(4):384-95. Epub 2009 Jun 22. PubMed PMID: 19552723.
8: Lech-Maranda E, Korycka A, Robak T. Clofarabine as a novel nucleoside analogue approved to treat patients with haematological malignancies: mechanism of action and clinical activity. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2009 Jun;9(7):805-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 19519505.
9: Larson ML, Venugopal P. Clofarabine: a new treatment option for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Jun;10(8):1353-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 19463072.
2: Sigal DS, Sharpe R, Burian C, Saven A. Very long-term eradication of minimal residual disease in patients with hairy cell leukemia after a single course of cladribine. Blood. 2010 Mar 11;115(10):1893-6. Epub 2010 Jan 7. PubMed PMID: 20056789.
3: Robak T, Jamroziak K, Robak P. Current and emerging treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Drugs. 2009;69(17):2415-49. doi: 10.2165/11319270-000000000-00000. PubMed PMID: 19911856.
4: Grever MR, Zinzani PL. Long-term follow-up studies in hairy cell leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009 Oct;50 Suppl 1:23-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 19814694.
5: Arons E, Suntum T, Stetler-Stevenson M, Kreitman RJ. VH4-34+ hairy cell leukemia, a new variant with poor prognosis despite standard therapy. Blood. 2009 Nov 19;114(21):4687-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. PubMed PMID: 19745070; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2780305.
6: Spurgeon S, Yu M, Phillips JD, Epner EM. Cladribine: not just another purine analogue? Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Aug;18(8):1169-81. Review. PubMed PMID: 19604118.
7: Bosanquet AG, Richards SM, Wade R, Else M, Matutes E, Dyer MJ, Rassam SM, Durant J, Scadding SM, Raper SL, Dearden CE, Catovsky D. Drug cross-resistance and therapy-induced resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by an enhanced method of individualised tumour response testing. Br J Haematol. 2009 Aug;146(4):384-95. Epub 2009 Jun 22. PubMed PMID: 19552723.
8: Lech-Maranda E, Korycka A, Robak T. Clofarabine as a novel nucleoside analogue approved to treat patients with haematological malignancies: mechanism of action and clinical activity. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2009 Jun;9(7):805-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 19519505.
9: Larson ML, Venugopal P. Clofarabine: a new treatment option for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Jun;10(8):1353-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 19463072.
| Chemical | |
|---|---|
| CAS Num | 4291-63-8 |
| Chemical Formula | C10H12ClN5O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 285.69 |
| IUPAC Chemical Name | (2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-amino-2-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol |
| Exact Mass | 285.06287 |
| Elemental Analysis | C, 42.04; H, 4.23; Cl, 12.41; N, 24.51; O, 16.80 |
| Synonym | Cladribina. US brand name |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO, not in water |
| SMILES Code | O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](N2C=NC3=C(N)N=C(Cl)N=C23)C1 |
| Biological | |
| Targets and Effects | N/A |
| Pathways | Apoptosis |
| Physical | |
| Appearance | Solid powder |
| Purity | >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis) |
| Shipping Condition | Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs. |
| Storage Condition | Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years). |
| Shelf Life | >2 years if stored properly |
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